Malaria Site: Malaria Risk In North and Central America

Country	Malaria Risk	Species
Anguilla	No malaria	No malaria
Antigua & Barbuda	No malaria	No malaria
Bahamas	No malaria	No malaria
Barbados	No malaria	No malaria
Belize	All districts, but risk is highest in the southern region.	Almost exclusively P. vivax
Bermuda	No malaria	No malaria
Canada	No malaria	No malaria
Cayman Islands	No malaria	No malaria
Costa Rica	Moderate risk throughout the year in the cantons of Los Chiles (Alajuela Province) and Matina and Talamanca (Limón Province); lower risk in cantons in the provinces of Alajuela, Guanacaste and Heredia, and in other cantons in Limón Province; negligible or no risk in the other cantons.	Almost exclusively P. vivax
Map courtesy of www.theodora.com/maps used with permission.

Country	Malaria Risk	Species
Cuba	No malaria	No malaria
Dominica	No malaria	No malaria
Dominican Republic	Low risk throughout the year in rural areas of the western provinces (Castañuelas, Hondo Valle and Pepillo Salcedo)	Only P. falciparum
El Salvador	Very low risk throughout the year in Santa Ana, Ahuachapán and La Unión Provinces, in rural areas of migratory influence from Guatemala.	Only P. vivax
Grenada	No malaria	No malaria
Guadeloupe and St. Martin Island	No malaria	No malaria
Guatemala	Risk throughout the year below 1500 m; high risk in Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Petén and San Marcos, and moderate risk in Escuintla, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Quiché, Retalhuleu, Suchitepéquez and Zacapa.	Predominantly P. vivax
Haiti	Throughout the year in forest areas in Chantal, Gros Morne, Hinche, Jacmel and Maissade.	Only P. falciparum
Honduras	High risk throughout the year; low risk in San Pedro Sula and the city of Tegucigalpa. P. falciparum risk is the highest in Sanitary Region VI, including Islas de la Bahía.	Predominantly due to P. vivax; also P. falciparum
Jamaica	No malaria	No malaria
Martinique	No malaria	No malaria
Country	Malaria Risk	Species
Mexico	Throughout the year in some rural areas - high risk in the states of Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa and Tabasco; moderate risk in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Oaxaca and Sonora; and low risk in Campeche, Guerrero, Michoacán and Jalisco.	Almost exclusively P. vivax
Montserrat	No malaria	No malaria
Netherlands Antilles (including Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and Sint Maarten islands)	No malaria	No malaria
Nicaragua	High risk throughout the year in Chinandega, Jinotega, Nueva Segovía, RAAN, RAAS and Rio San Juan; low or negligible risk in Carazo, Madriz and Masaya	Predominantly P. vivax
Panama	Low risk throughout the year in Bocas del Toro in the west and Darién and San Blas in the east; no or negligible risk in other areas. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has been reported in Darién and San Blas provinces. Recommended prophylaxis in risk areas: chloroquine; in eastern endemic areas, mefloquine.	Predominantly P. vivax
Puerto Rico	No malaria	No malaria
St. Lucia	No malaria	No malaria
St. Vincent & Grenadines	No malaria	No malaria
St. Kitts & Nevis	No malaria	No malaria
Trinidad & Tobago	No malaria	No malaria
Turks and Caicos	No malaria	No malaria
United States	No malaria	No malaria
Virgin Islands (U.S.)	No malaria	No malaria
Virgin Islands (U.K.)	No malaria	No malaria

In the first quarter of this century, malaria was rampant in U.S.A. with nearly 6 million cases annually. Due to determined antimalaria measures and permanent vector control measures like screening of all constructions, malaria has been controlled effectively. In fact, the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in U.S.A. was founded as the Office of Malaria Control! Since 1940 57 localized outbreaks have been reported. In1970, 4247 cases were reported and more than 4000 of these were US military personnel returning from Vietnam.

(Source: CDC MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1997, November 20, 1998/ 46(54);1-87)